Epistemology Reason Essay Example for Free

Epistemology Reason Essay Is it true to say that there is no truth? The very concept itself is contradictory, but is still a topic worth exploring. If a person were to simply go about their life believing everything they ever heard or experienced to be true, they could be deceived without their own knowledge. Say they overheard someone talking about Sam Houston when they stated, â€Å" and then Sam Houston claimed her land. † Rightfully, without any other knowledge but their heard facts, the listener would assume â€Å"Sam Houston† to be a â€Å"Samantha† due to the possessive pronoun â€Å"her. † However, what the listener did not hear was the full sentence in which â€Å"Eliza surrendered and then Sam Houston claimed her land. † By basing their belief off of their senses of hearing, the listener was unable to acknowledge the truth behind the pronoun â€Å"her. † Similarly, in the case of epistemology, truth should not be simply based off of senses, or feelings, but off of sound reasoning. However, sometimes senses can be useful in arriving at a proven truth. The rationalist response to the view of Epistemology states that â€Å"all knowledge ultimately comes through reason† (Cowan/Spiegel, 52). This view claims that knowledge is proven true through deducing what is true from possible truths, as opposed to using the senses. As Descartes reasoned, truth can be acquired if every belief is tested to be false. Then, if it is proven that something cannot be false, it is therefore true. By taking a Biblical rationalist response to the view of Epistemology and using faith, Christians are able to acquire sound surety in their faith and view on what is true. Logic points to the rationalist response over all other views of epistemology. For example, the skeptical response states that truth is unattainable and we have no knowledge. However, if this view is to be believed, then it disproves its own claim by showing that there is truth in believing there is no truth. Skeptics put forth absurd hypotheses that cannot be proven false, but at the same time have no way of being shown true. For example, The Matrix, or Descartes’ belief in an â€Å"evil genius† who could potentially be controlling every aspect of life and humans have no way of proving this false. Summarily, the skeptic believes that there ultimately is no knowledge. This view largely contradicts Christianity because the Bible continually states from Genesis 3:5 â€Å"For God knows that when you eat from it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil† to Revelation 3:15 â€Å"I know your deeds, that you are neither cold nor hot. I wish you were either one or the other! † that knowledge does indeed exist. Therefore, if Christians believe in the scriptures, they also must believe that knowledge does exist. Another view that can be proven to be false is the empiricist response, which states that â€Å"all knowledge arises from experience† (Cowan/Spiegel, 54). This is the view is based largely off of feelings, sensations, and the experiences people learn from them. However, as exemplified in the introduction, sometimes senses fail. Anesthetics, holograms, sleep deprivation, noise recordings, candles and so many other factors can easily misguide senses. Proverbs 23:33 states, â€Å"Your eyes will see strange sights, and your mind will imagine confusing things. † This verse shows that the mind doesn’t always perceive what is being seen correctly. On the other hand, many people in the Bible were guided by their senses in visions, miracles, angels, and other events. Many times the Bible describes foolish people as being senseless (Psalm 92:6, Ecclesiastes 10:3, Jeremiah 5:21) but the senses can be swayed by the devil. 2 Timothy 2:26 says â€Å"and that they will come to their senses and escape from the trap of the devil, who has taken them captive to do his will. † So while senses can be used by God, they can also be used by the devil and ultimately should not be the deciding factor in determining what is true. People ought to not always rely on senses, but rather they should rely on the reasoning behind the senses and testing them to be false to determine what is ultimately true. As Galileo alleged, â€Å"Where the senses fail us, reason must step in. † A Biblical rationalist response is the most logical response to take while trying to understand epistemology largely because it deduces all false options and true knowledge is only acquired through seeking God. By using Descartes method of proving false beliefs false to find what is true, rational thinking deduces what is true. Proverbs 1:7 says â€Å"The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge. † Christians are only able to start to be able to attain knowledge when they start to reason and grasp how great God truly is. Only when people’s thoughts are in the correct perspective can they begin to reason properly. Through awe, Christians are able to truly contain a proper fear through respect for God, and with that in turn, truly begin to know.

Vouchers and School Choice - The Use of School Vouchers :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Use of School Vouchers There has been a lot of debate recently over the use of school vouchers. Voucher programs offer students attending both public and private schools tuition vouchers. It gives taxpayers the freedom to pick where their tax dollars go. In theory, good schools will thrive with money and bad schools will lose students and close its doors. Most people feel that taking taxpayer money from public schools and using this money as vouchers for private schools is a violation of the constitution. Most private schools in America right now are run by religious organizations. There has been a lot of controversy over this issue mainly because of the importance of an education in a modern society. School choice initiatives are based on the premise that allowing parents to choose what schools their children attend is not only the right thing to do, but is also an important way for improving education. Instead of a one-size-fits-all model, School choice programs offer parents various options from which to pick the educational settings they believe will work best for their child. However, there is Supporters of school vouchers claim that it levels the educational playing field for lower income families who would have the option to send their kids away from an "ineffective" poorly funded public schools. Some lower class families feel that their kids would have a better chance with a tuition voucher to go to a private school where more money is spent on education. Many feel that vouchers would undermine public schools, by taking away public money for smaller class sizes, teacher training and innovative curriculum. Also, many feel that vouchers would erode the support for public education. In Milwaukee, voucher schools say they do not give special services to students with disabilities. Most of the voucher schools refused to sign a letter that they will honor constitutional rights such as free speech and due process. The letter stated that the schools would not discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation, pregnancy, or marital status. Despite the controversy surrounding vouchers, the private school choice movement may be gaining support. In June of 1999, The Florida legislature approved a plan to give children in the state's worst schools taxpayer-funded tuition payments to attend qualified public, private, or religious schools.

Reflection on Queen Elizabeth’s Leadership

Reflection on Leadership `Queen Elizabeth is a leader that possesses many greatqualities. She has a vision of earningher people’s lovethroughrespect, understanding and being unprejudiced. As a leader, she accepts the opinions of her advisors but at the same time thinks rationally and decides on what is the right thing to do. ` `In chapter one,Queen Elizabeth and her ministerswere discussing on how Mary Stuart, a Catholic,isthe Queen of England in waiting. It was also said by Howard, one of her ministers that all Catholics are traitors as their loyalty is to the Pope of Rome. I believe that it was right for Queen Elizabeth to say that she will not punish her people for their belief but only for their wrong doings. This shows that she understands that by allowing her people tolive freely, it creates joy and happiness among the people. This in return will allow her to earn the love from her people. I can see thatas much as she wants to maintain a good relation with her loyal Protestant supporters and her ministers, she makes decisions for the good of her country and her people even though some people might not agree with her decisions. From this situation,it shows that the Queen adopts pragmatism, fairness and transparency. She makes a practical decision about an issue, she treats everyone equally, she is open and that her rules, regulations decisions are made clear. `Chapter seventeen is when the story really makes her stand out as an organized,brave, honest yet motivating leader. Quoted, Queen Elizabeth said â€Å"My lords, I can offer you no words of comfort. If this Armada succeeds there will be no more freedom in our land, and England will be no more. We cannot be defeated. † This few sentences show thatshe believes that her people should be self motivated to perform their duties. However she encourages her people not by telling them words of comfort but telling the m the consequences. She uses reverse psychology to turn fear into strength,braveryand commitment to the country. ` `Queen Elizabeth is well-organized leader as she is able to leadthe country andalso delegate the tasksequally according to her people’s capabilities. This can be seen when Queen Elizabeth issued commands as Hatton,Walsingham, the Queen’s entourage and the Queen herself entered the great vaulted nave of St Paul’s to make their way towards the altar. In my opinion, she is also a risk taker when she sent out two ships to engagethe enemy. This is a quality of a good leader as someone who dares to take risks shows that they are not afraid to fail and try again. ` `As a leader, she does not mind dying in the midst of her people. This shows that although she is the Queen, she does not discriminate her people who are of lower rank. This is an important qualityin a leader as it will either make or break a trust. Lastly, I think Queen Elizabeth is a good leader because she recognizes contributions. She recognizes Raleigh’s contribution to the country and rewarded him with his wife, son and freedom. `

Marketing Inventory Problems Solutions - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 930 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/09/13 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? A – Class or Mass Summary (100 word) Neptune is the North America’s third-largest seafood producer in a high-end business. The company is an upmarket player. Main distribution channels: †¢ grocery chains and retailers; †¢ the best restaurants on its region; †¢ wholesalers; †¢ its own fish market. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Marketing: Inventory Problems Solutions" essay for you Create order They are facing a big inventory problem. Reasons †¢ new technologies; †¢ new lows; †¢ growing demand. Proposed solutions †¢ slash prices launching a new mass-market brand; †¢ slight discounts; †¢ sell old ships and launch new product; †¢ new markets. Issues of Sanchez’proposal †¢ destroy premium image, erode brand equity; †¢ price war; cannibalization; †¢ distribution; †¢ markets. B – A similar situation In the everyday struggle with the lifecycles of the market, companies face inventory problems. It is important for them to have adequate inventory levels to accommodate the needs of customers. However, in some cases, as it happened to Neptune , having too much inventory can become a weakness. Idle inventory can be costly and therefore could be a potential threat to company ‘s success. Hence, several companies such as Dell computers, McDonalds, and Toyota have been very successful using an important approach: t he Just In Time Management. Company’s situation: Toyota Motor Corporation and the JIT Japanese corporations cannot afford large amounts of land to warehouse finished products and parts. This was thought to be a disadvantage because it forced the production lot size below the economic lot size. The undesirable result was poor return on investment for a factory. In the same Situation was Toyota Motor Corporation that had to find a strategic solution. Inventory problem solution Usually excess inventory is marked down and sold for a reduced price. The chief engineer at Toyota, Taiichi Ohno,, examined accounting assumptions and realized that another method was possible. The factory could implement JIT system which would require it to be made more flexible and reduce the overhead costs of retooling and thereby reduce the economic lot size to fit the available warehouse space. They created an automatic replenishment system. Because of this system, the company hardly ever had excess inventory because once the inventory levels reached zero it would automatically re-order the product. The Just In Time (JIT) approach. JIT is an inventory strategy implemented to improve the return on investment of a business by reducing in-process inventory and its associated costs. The process is driven by a series of signals that tell production processes when to make the next part. When implemented correctly, JIT can lead to dramatic improvements in a manufacturing organizations return on investment, quality, and efficiency. New stock is ordered when stock drops to the re-order level. This saves warehouse space and costs. However, one drawback of the JIT inventory system is that the re-order level is determined by historical demand. If demand rises above the historical average demand, the firm will deplete inventory faster than usual and cause customer service issues. To meet a 95% service rate a firm must carry about 3 standard deviations of demand in safety stock. Actions they took and outcome for the company Just-in-time (JIT) inventory systems are not a simple method that a company can adopt. It has a whole philosophy that the company had to follow in order to avoid its downsides. In short, the just-in-time inventory system is all about having the right material, at the right time, at the right place, and in the exact amount but its implications are broad for the implementers. To set up this process, over a period of several years Toyota engineers redesigned car models for commonality of tooling for such production processes. Some of the initial results at Toyota were horrible. When a process problem or bad parts surfaced on the production line, the entire production line had to be slowed or even stopped. Many people in Toyota predicted that the initiative would be abandoned for this reason. In the first week, line stops occurred almost hourly. Today line stops fell to a few per week. The result is a severe quality assurance crisis, and a dramatic improvement in product quality. Eventually, Toyota redesigned every part of its vehicles to eliminate or widen tolerances, while simultaneously implementing careful statistical controls. Communication is also a king in a JIT rich supply chain. There is a risk involved with JIT when there is a communication breakdown and the company cannot get the right amount of supplies needed to keep the just-in-time system running smoothly. Therefore, Toyota has developed its own software that connects dealers to factories and factories to suppliers. The integration of the value chain creates visibility for all members of Toyotas supply chain. When a request from a dealer is received by Toyota their software is able to figure out the availability of parts nearby, the time to resequence the assembly line and whether the change would unbalance the line by scheduling, for example, too many models loaded with time-consuming options one right after the other (Fahey, 2004). Because of their new approach, they are known as the master and pioneer of just in time and are currently entering the market to provide customized vehicles to customers with a minimal wait. Source: Business Finance on ttp://www. ssociatedcontent. com/article/5481124/justintime_management_is_the_solution. htm HBR https://www. leandeployment. co. uk/pages/just-in-time. php Similarities and differences between the two companies issues Even if both companies had to face the same inventory problems, services, markets and customers are clearly different. Hence, the same solution would be not be applicable at both companies. Moreover, Neptune had to solve a proble m of getting rid of rising excess of stocks. On the other hand, Toyota had to avoid creating inventories.